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Edward E. Rice
Edward Everett Rice (1847–1924) was an American musical composer and theater producer active during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, known primarily for being a pioneer of American musical theater and introducing to Broadway a musical by African-American writers and performers.〔
==Biography==
Edward Everett Rice was born 21 December 1847 in Brighton, Massachusetts to Edmund Rice and Martha A. (Fletcher) Rice. Rice married Clara E. Rich, daughter of Isaac E. Rich, in 1869 and they had a daughter Carrie B. Rice (b. 1870) and sons, Aubrey L. Rice (b. 1876) and Anthony D. Rice (b. 1876).〔1900 U.S. Federal Census: Manhattan, New York, New York; Roll: T623_1102; Page: B; Enumeration District: 454.〕〔1880 U.S. Federal Census: New York City, New York, New York; Roll: 875; Film: 1254875; Page: 324C; Enumeration District: 190; Image: 0294.〕
Living in New York City in the early 1870s, Rice was employed as a clerk with the Cunard Steamship Company when he saw the English production of ''The Black Crook'' and became interested in the idea of creating an American musical.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Edward Everett Rice )〕 In 1874 Rice and J. Cheever Goodwin were the creators of an extravaganza, ''Evangeline; or, The Belle of Acadia'', a musical burlesque of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's ''Evangeline'', that became the first American production billed as a musical comedy.〔Chase, p. 362〕〔Green, Kay (ed.) ("''Evangeline''" ), ''Broadway Musicals, Show by Show'', Hal Leonard Corporation (1996) ISBN 0793577500〕 Rice composed the music for more than eighteen productions that appeared on Broadway, including ''Hiawatha'' and ''Summer Nights'', that toured the country. Rice had no formal musical education and he could not read sheet music, but he had considerable raw talent playing by ear on the piano. His method of composition would be to "dictate" to a scribe tunes that he would play on the piano, and he would make suggestions for orchestration.〔
As a producer, Rice introduced popular performers Pauline Hall, Lillian Russell, and Fay Templeton, and in 1898, he booked ''Clorindy, or The Origin of the Cake Walk'' by Will Marion Cook and Paul Laurence Dunbar, one of the earliest musicals by African Americans and the first to appear on Broadway at the prestigious Casino Theatre.〔Woll, Allen (1989). Black Musical Theater. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-1469-3.〕〔Bernard L. Peterson, ''A Century of Musicals in Black and White: An Encyclopedia of Musical Stage Works By, About, or Involving African Americans'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1993), ISBN 978-0313266577, pp. 84-85. (Excerpts available ) at Google Books.〕 Rice's biggest hit was 1894's ''Adonis'', which starred Henry Dixey, one of the most popular performers of the era.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Edward E. Rice )〕 He produced the "burlesque extravaganza" musical ''1492 Up To Date'' in 1893 in New York City. Rice's final Broadway production was a 1904 revival of the British musical ''Mr. Wix of Wickham'', with new songs by Jerome Kern. He died 16 November 1924 in New York City.
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